Understanding Parathyroid Disease

The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. Despite their small size, they play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood — a mineral essential for bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction.

Hyperparathyroidism is the most common parathyroid disorder, occurring when one or more parathyroid glands become overactive and produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This leads to elevated calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia), which can affect multiple organ systems.

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can be subtle and develop gradually. They include bone pain and osteoporosis, kidney stones, excessive urination and thirst, abdominal pain and nausea, fatigue and weakness, depression and confusion, and joint pain.

The classic mnemonic for remembering hyperparathyroidism symptoms is 'Stones, Bones, Groans, and Moans' — referring to kidney stones, bone disease, abdominal complaints, and neuropsychiatric symptoms respectively.

Diagnosis involves blood tests to check calcium and PTH levels, along with imaging studies like ultrasound and sestamibi scans to locate the affected gland. In most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, surgery (parathyroidectomy) is the definitive treatment.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is now the gold standard for treatment. This focused approach allows removal of the affected gland through a small incision, with rapid recovery and excellent cure rates. Dr. Sood is trained in minimally invasive parathyroid surgery, offering patients in Jaipur access to this advanced treatment.